NOER HAMSAH, Muh. Ilham; M, MASTANNING, M. Dahlan. Analysis Of Sultan Abdul Hamid Ii’s Pan-Islamism Policy Towards Asian And European Geopolitics In The 19th Century. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, [S. l.], v. 3, n. 5, p. 4781–4800, 2023. Disponível em: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/5430. Acesso em: 25 jun. 2026.